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When medication and other non-surgical treatments are either unavailable or cannot relieve symptoms, surgery is the accepted treatment for a broad range of conditions that affect the male reproductive organs and the organs of the urinary tract. 这些条件包括, 但不限于, 前列腺癌, 肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻, 膀胱癌和肾癌以及膀胱输尿管反流.

Facing any kind of urologic surgery creates a great deal of anxiety for most men. 其中一个担忧是:“手术后我的身体能正常运转吗?” Traditional open urologic surgery – in which large incisions are made to access the pelvic organs – has been the standard approach when surgery is warranted. Yet common drawbacks of this procedure include significant post-surgical pain, 漫长的恢复和不可预测的, 对尿失禁和性功能有潜在的长期影响.

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Fortunately, less invasive surgical options are available to many patients facing urologic surgery. 其中最常见的是腹腔镜检查，它使用小切口. 虽然腹腔镜在很多常规手术中非常有效, limitations of this technology prevent its use for more complex urologic surgeries.

一种新的外科手术，随着达芬奇的发明而出现® 手术系统, is being used by an increasing number of surgeons worldwide for prostatectomy and other urologic procedures.

这种微创方法, 使用先进的外科手术和机器人技术, 是精细泌尿外科手术的理想选择吗. 这包括前列腺切除术, in which the target site is not only tightly confined but also surrounded by nerves affecting urinary control and sexual function. 使用达芬奇®, 外科澳门在线赌城娱乐的工具可以保护周围的神经, 哪一种方法可以提高康复经验和临床结果.

Prostatectomy

病情:前列腺癌

The prostate is a walnut-sized gland that is part of the male reproductive system. 它的功能是产生一种液体，这是男性射精或精液的一部分.

Prostate cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form inside the prostate. Worldwide, more than 900,2008年，000名男性被诊断患有前列腺癌, 使其成为仅次于肺癌的男性第二大常见癌症. 1

广泛的筛选, early detection and improved treatment have improved 前列腺癌 survival rates. When found while it is localized or still contained in the gland, 5-year survival approaches 100%. 2

当前列腺癌被早期发现时, radical prostatectomy – surgical removal of the prostate gland – offers patients a potential cure.3 In fact, according to the American Urological Association’s 2007 Guidelines for the Clinical Management of Prostate Cancer, “The major potential benefit of [radical prostatectomy] is a cancer cure in patients in whom the 前列腺癌 is truly localized.”3 Treatment options for 前列腺癌 may include radiation (either external beam or seed implants) or cryotherapy. 这些治疗方法包括放射、灼烧或冷冻前列腺.

However, surgery is the only treatment that actually removes the cancerous prostate from the body. All 前列腺癌 treatments can affect urinary continence, as well as sexual potency and function. Talk to your doctor about all available treatment options and what to expect before, 治疗期间和治疗后.

治疗:根治性前列腺切除术

根治性前列腺切除术是前列腺癌最常见的治疗方法. Until recently, prostatectomy was usually performed using an 8- to 10-inch incision. This approach commonly resulted in substantial blood loss and a lengthy and uncomfortable recovery.

da Vinci® Prostatectomy

Today, 如果你的澳门在线赌城娱乐建议手术治疗前列腺癌, 你可能是一个非常有效的候选人, 被称为达芬奇的微创手术® Surgery. This procedure uses technology designed to help the doctor perform precise and less invasive 前列腺癌 surgery available today.

对大多数病人来说，是达芬奇® 与开放手术相比，外科手术有许多潜在的好处，包括:

  • 卓越的癌症控制
  • 尿失禁恢复较快 5,7
  • 更快恢复性功能 5,7
  • 缩短住院时间 4,5,8,9,10
  • 疼痛程度低 8
  • 减少失血和输血 4,5,8,9,11,12
  • 降低感染和并发症的风险 9,11
  • 更快的恢复和恢复正常的活动 8,10,12

In addition, 与放射治疗相比, prostatectomy offers men with localized 前列腺癌 improved survival rates.13,14,15 就像任何外科手术一样, these benefits cannot be guaranteed as surgery is both patient and procedure specific.

1 W.H.O. Globoscan 2008. 国家快速统计. http://globocan.iarc.fr/.
2 Jemal A. 2005年癌症统计. 中国癌症杂志，2005,25 (5):391 - 391.
3 前列腺癌临床指南更新小组. Guideline for the management of clinically localized 前列腺癌: 2007 update. Linthicum (MD):美国泌尿学教育与研究协会. 2007; 82.
4 刘建军，吴国强，李建军，刘建军，刘建军. Robot-assisted versus open radical prostatectomy: a comparison of one surgeon’s outcomes. Urology. 2004 May; 63(5): 819-22.
5 Rocco B, Matei DV, Melegari S, Ospina JC, Mazzoleni F, Errico G, Mastropasqua米, Santoro L, Detti S, de Cobelli O. Robotic vs open prostatectomy in a laparoscopically naive centre: a matched-pair analysis. 国际现代泌尿外科杂志. 2009年5月5日出版. DOI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08532.x.
6 Barocas DA, Salem S, Kordan Y, Herrell SD, Chang SS, Clark PE, Davis R, Baumgartner R, Phillips S, Cookson MS, Smith JA Jr. Robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy versus radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized 前列腺癌: comparison of short-term biochemical recurrence-free survival. J Urol. 2010年3月,183 (3):990 - 6. Epub 2010年1月18日.
7 李建军，张建军，张建军，等. A prospective, non-randomized trial comparing robot-assisted laparoscopic and retropubic radical prostatectomy in one European institution. BJU Int. 中国农业科学;2009;34 (4):534-539.
8 刘建军，刘建军，刘建军，刘建军. Prospective comparison of radical retropubic prostatectomy and robot-assisted anatomic prostatectomy: the Vattikuti Urology Institute experience. Urology. 2002年11月,60 (5):864 - 8.v
9 Boris RS, Kaul SA, Sarle RC, Stricker HJ. Radical prostatectomy: a single surgeon comparison of retropubic, perineal, and robotic approaches. Can J Urol. 2007年6月,14 (3):3566 - 70.
10 Hohwu L, Akre O, Pedersen KV, Jonsson M, Nielsen CV, Gustafsson O. Open retropubic prostatectomy versus robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: A comparison of length of sick leave. Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol. Apr 7 2009:1-6.
11 Carlsson S, Nilsson AE, Schumacher MC, Jonsson MN, Volz DS, Steineck G, Wiklund PN. Surgery-related complications in 1253 robot-assisted and 485 open retropubic radical prostatectomies at the Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden. Urology. 2010年5月,75 (5):1092 - 7.
12 张建军，张建军，张建军，张建军. Prospective evaluation of short-term impact and recovery of health related quality of life in men undergoing robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy versus open radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 2007 Sep;178(3 Pt 1):854-8; discussion 859. 2007年7月16日.
13 李建军，李建军，李建军，李建军. Long-term survival probability in men with clinically localized 前列腺癌 treated either conservatively or with definitive treatment (radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy). Urology. 2006年12月,68 (6):1268 - 74.
14 Cooperberg MR, Vickers AJ, Broering JM, Carroll PR; for the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) Investigators. 初次手术后比较风险调整死亡率, radiotherapy, 或者雄激素剥夺疗法治疗局限性前列腺癌. Cancer. 2010 Aug 5. [印前Epub].
15 李建军，陈建军，陈建军，陈建军，陈建军，陈建军. Long-term survival in men with high grade 前列腺癌: a comparison between conservative treatment, 放射治疗和根治性前列腺切除术-倾向评分方法.J Urol. 2007年3月,177 (3):911 - 5.